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https://doi.org/10.20339/PhS.4-19.009
Alekseev Alexander V.,
Candidate of Philology, Associate Professor,
Associate Professor of the Russian Language and
Methods of Teaching Philological Disciplines Department
Moscow City Pedagogical University
e-mail: avalekseev74@yandex.ru
The article discusses the possibility of analyzing the cultural significance of the word on the material of a literary text. Cultural meanings are expressed by symbolic meanings of the word, which are revealed in the context through the analysis of semantic markers (actualizers). Such markers should indicate a double reference of the words, its correlation with two realities, immediate and prototypical (sacred, mythological, religious). The symbolic meanings of the крест (krest), the булава (bulava), the лира (lira) show the historically dependent nature of the symbolic semantics. Structural-semantic and statistical methods are used to describe the polysemantic word крест. The existing forms of lexicographical description of the word крест do not allow to draw a conclusion about the conditions of realization and the content of the symbolic meanings of this word, about its cultural value. A special kind of the basic lexical meaning of the word крест — sacred symbolic meaning ‘sacred object — faith, connection with God’ is considered. The prevalence of this value decreased, according to The Russian National Corpus, by the end of the XX century. At the same time, the contexts with the outdated cultural value of the word are more preserved in literary texts, using symbolic markers that call the elements of the rite, ritual actions, religious events and experiences.
Keywords: historical lexicology, symbolic meaning, cultural value, semantics, literary text.
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