About the language of one printed decree of Peter I: “Ob’yavleniye o lechitel’nykh vodakh…” (1719)

Sadova Tatiana S.,

Doctor of Philology, Professor of the Russian Language Department

St. Petersburg State University

e-mail: tatsad_90@mail.ru

The article describes the language of one printed decree of Peter I as indicative of the official language of the early 18th century text. It is noted that the printed form of the decree requires a more stringent selection of speech means, as a result of which standard, stylistically marked cliches and official formulas are subsequently created that characterize the official style as such. “Announcement on healing waters…” (“Ob’yavleniye o lechitel’nykh vodakh…”) is the first decree dedicated to the “sanatorium business” in Russia, it is addressed to a mass addressee, therefore the language of the document includes speech means of various styles of the national language in the “search” of the medium style. Thus, among the names of diseases, folk nominations stand out (vodyanaya, chechyuynaya, kamennaya), standing on a par with international medical terms (ippokhondrium, apilepsiya) and common Slavic names used both in reference medical publications of the 18th century and in folk herbalists (rvota, kila, ponos). The structure of the text is noteworthy, consisting of three parts, thematically related, but differing from each other in stylistic appearance and, as a consequence, in speech content. The first part explains the benefits of medicinal waters, the second includes a list of medical rules for their use, the third is a short text of the decree of Peter I (in the form of an I-command).

Keywords: official style of the 18th century, printed decree, healing waters, competition of speech means, search for an medium style

The study was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (RNF, project No. 24-28-00325)

References

1. Ob’’iavlenie o lechitel’nykh vodakh syskanykh na Olontse, a ot kakikh boleznei, i kak pri tom upotreblenii postupat’, tomu dokhturskoe opredelenie, takzhe i ukaz Ego Tsarskago Velichestva na onyia dokhturskiia pravily, i onoe vse sleduet nizhe sego // Kopii Ego Tsarskago Velichestva Ukazov, sostoiavshikhsia v 1719, i v 1720 godakh. St. Petersburg: Izd. v Pravitel’stvuiushchem Senate, 1721. S. 83–92.

2. Kolesov V.V. Rechevye stili i stil’ zhizni // Iazyk i mental’nost’ v russkom obshchestve XVIII veka / otv. red. V.V. Kolesov. St. Petersburg: Izd-vo SPbGU, 2013. S. 143–211.

3. Syromyatnikov B.I. Ot redaktora // Zakonodatel’nye akty Petra I: v 3 t. / N.A. Voskresensky. Moscow; Leningrad: AN SSSR, 1945. T. 1. S. XXXIII–XLIV.

4. Polikarpov-Orlov F.P. Leksikon treiazychnyi, sirech’ rechenii slavenskikh, ellinogrecheskikh i latinskikh sokrovishche iz razlichnykh drevnikh i novykh knig sobranoe i po slavenskomu alfavitu v chin razpolozhenoe. Moscow: Tip. tsarskaia, 1704. 806 s.

5. Anatomiko-fiziologicheskii slovar’ v koem Vse naimenovaniia chastei chelovecheskago tela, do Anatomii i Fiziologii prinadlezhashchiia, iz raznykh vrachebnykh sochinenii sobrannyia, na Rossiiskom, Latinskom i Frantsuzskom iazykakh iasno i kratko predlagaiutsia, s kratkim opisaniem sikh nauk: Dlia pol’zy rossiiskago iunoshestva, v pervoe napechatannyi trudami i izhdiveniem Nestora Maksimovicha-Ambodika vrachebnoi nauki Doktora i Professora povival’nago iskusstva. St. Petersburg: Tip. Morskago Shliakhetnago kadetskago korpusa, 1783. 385 s.

6. Vrachebnyi slovar’, iz"iasniaiushchii priniatye v meditsine grecheskie i latinskie terminy, s pribavleniem kratkikh biograficheskikh ocherkov izvestnykh vrachei, sostavlennyi Aleksandrom Nikitinym. St. Petersburg: Tip. Imperatorskoi Akademii nauk, 1833. 620 s.

7. Kirillova T.S. Problemy formirovaniia nauchnoi terminologii (na materiale nazvanii meditsiny i ekologii): avtoref. dis. … d-ra filol. nauk. Astrakhan’, 1999.

8. Cherepanova O.A. Iavleniia prozopopei i iazykovye sredstva ego realizatsii v zagovorakh i zaklinaniiakh // Iazyk zhanrov russkogo fol’klora. Petrozavodsk: Izd-vo PetrGU, 1979. S. 4–12.

9. Zabylin M. Russkii narod, ego obychai, obriady, predaniia, sueveriia i poeziia. Moscow: Izd-vo M. Berezina, 1880. 617 s.

10. Efimenko P.S. Materialy po etnografii russkogo naseleniia Arkhangel’skoi gubernii // Trudy EO Imperatorskogo obshchestva liubitelei estestvoznaniia, antropologii i etnografii pri Moskovskom universitete. 1877. S. 1–221.

11. Novombergsky N.Ya. Materialy po istorii meditsiny v Rossii: v 4 t. St. Petersburg; Tomsk, 1905–1910. T. 3. 163 s.

12. Slovar’ Akademii Rossiiskoi: v 6 t. St. Petersburg: Tip. Imperatorskoi Akademii nauk, 1789–1794.

13. Sadova T.S. Imperativnaia formula “nadlezhit + infinitive” v tekste “Ustava voinskogo” 1716 goda: kal’ka na sluzhbe russkogo voennogo teksta // Mir russkogo slova. 2020. No. 1. S. 47–53.

14. Sadova T.S., Golovchenko E.V. Ob odnoi redkoi direktivnoi formule v tekste “Ustava voinskago” 1716 goda // Filologicheskie nauki. Nauchnye doklady vysshei shkoly. 2021. No. 3. S. 45–51. DOI 10.20339/PhS.03-21.045.

15. Besters-Dilger J. Modal’nost’ v pol’skom i russkom iazykakh: istoricheskoe razvitie vyrazheniia neobkhodimosti i vozmozhnosti kak rezul’tat vne- i mezhslavianskogo vliianiia // Wiener Slavistisches Jahrbuch. Harrassowitz Verlag: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 1997. Vol. 43. P. 17–31.

16. Krongauz M.A. Opyt semanticheskogo opisaniia pristavki nad- // Moskovskii lingvisticheskii zhurnal. 2001. T. 5. No. 1. S. 85–94.

17. Dronova L.P. Stanovlenie i evoliutsiia modal’no-otsenochnoi leksiki russkogo iazyka: etnolingvisticheskii aspekt. Tomsk: Izd-vo TGU, 2006. 255 s.

18. Lipina Yu.A. Sredstva vyrazheniia deonticheskoi modal’nosti v kommunikativnykh situatsiiakh dolzhenstvovaniia, razresheniia i zapreta (na materiale angliiskogo pod"iazyka tamozhennoi deiatel’nosti) // Gumanitarnye issledovaniia. Iazykoznanie. 2019. No. 3 (24). S. 86–90.

19. Voskresensky N.A. Zakonodatel’nye akty Petra I: v 3 t. Moscow; Leningrad: AN SSSR, 1945. T. 1. 664 s.