M. Gorky and German expressionism

UDC 82.09

https://doi.org/10.20339/PhS.6-22.090      

Primochkina Natalia N.,

Doctor of Philology, Leading Researcher

Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences

e-mail: nprim47@yandex.ru 

Based on archival documents and materials of M. Gorky’s personal library, the article examines the question of the writer’s attitude to German expressionism, the brightest trend in German art of the early twentieth century. The facts of Gorky’s creative and personal contacts with leading German theater directors M. Reinhardt and E. Piscator, with revolutionary expressionist writers I. Becher, E. Toller, etc. Аre considered, the interest of the Russian writer in various types of German expressionist art is revealed: literature, theater, cinema and painting. The analysis of Gorky’s works in the context of the work of the German Expressionists reveals a certain similarity in their ideological and aesthetic views, reveals their common anti-war, protest and humanitarian pathos aimed at protecting the human person suffering in the world deformed by wars and revolutions.

Keywords: M. Gorky, German expressionism, M. Reinhardt, E. Piscator, I. Becher, R. Vinet, O. Kokoshka, A. Schoenberg, A. Loos.

References

1. Andreeva M.F. Perepiska. Vospominaniia. Stat’i. Dokumenty. Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1968. 720 s.

2. Vospominaniia T. Tamanina (T.I. Manukhinoi) / vstup. st., podgot. teksta i primech. I.A. Bocharovoi // Publitsistika M. Gorkogo v kontekste istorii. Vyp. 8. Moscow: IMLI RAN, 2007. S. 560–576.

3. Gorky M. Polnoe sobranie sochinenii. Pis’ma: v 24 t. Moscow: Nauka, 1997–2019.

4. Primochkina N.N. Poetika eksperimenta: tvorchestvo M. Gorkogo nachala 1920-kh gg. Moscow: Direkt-Media, 2022. 320 s.

5. Borisova L.M. “Da — byl li mal’chik-to?”: o smysle gor’kovskogo refrena // Acta eruditorum. 2020. Vyp. 3. S. 10–18.

6. Borisova L.M. “Chernyi kvadrat”: o granitsakh gor’kovskogo avangardizma // Voprosy literatury. 2021. No. 5. S. 13–41.

7. Kudriavtseva T.V. Rannee tvorchestvo A.M. Gorkogo v Germanii (perevody, publikatsii, interpretatsii) // Studia Litterarum. 2021. T. 6. No. 3. S. 116–133.

8. Arkhiv A.M. Gorkogo IMLI RAN.

9. Letopis’ zhizni i tvorchestva A.M. Gorkogo. Vyp. 3: 1917–1929. Moscow: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1959. 764 s.

10. Primochkina N.N. P’esa M. Gorkogo “Fal’shivaia moneta”: novoe prochtenie // Filologicheskii klass. 2021. T. 26. No. 3. S. 138–149.

11. A.M. Gorky i M.I. Budberg. Perepiska (1920–1936) // Arkhiv A.M. Gorkogo. T. 16. Moscow: IMLI RAN, 2001. 543 s.

12. Demkina S.M. P’esa M. Gorkogo “Na dne” na nemetskoi stsene (po materialam Muzeia A.M. Gorkogo IMLI RAN) // Studia Litterarum. 2018. T. 3. No. 1. S. 252–265.

13. Perepiska A.M. Gorkogo s zarubezhnymi literatorami // Arkhiv A.M. Gorkogo. T. 8. Moscow: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1960. 444 s.

14. Plotnikova A.G. M. Gorky i kinematograf. Moscow: IMLI RAN, 2018. 335 s.

15. Zheliabuzhsky Yu.A. Vospominaniia ob otnoshenii A.M. Gorkogo k kino // M. Gorky i kinematograf / A.G. Plotnikova. Moscow: IMLI RAN, 2018. S. 216–229.

16. Terekhina V.N. Ekspressionizm v russkoi literature pervoi treti XX veka: genezis. Istoriko-kul’turnyi kontekst. Poetika. Moscow: IMLI RAN, 2009. 318 s.

17. Ekspressionizm: sb. st. / pod red. E.M. Braudo i M.E. Radlova. Petrograd; Moscow: Gosizdat (Vsemirnaia literatura), 1923. 233 s.

18. Gorky M. Sobranie sochinenii: v 30 t. T. 24. Moscow: GIKhL, 1953. 574 s.