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Danilov Igor A.,
Junior Researcher
Centre for Sociolinguistic Studies
Institute for Humanities Research and Indigenous Studies of the North of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
e-mail: igor_danilov_2000@mail.ru
This article is devoted to the study of the vitality of the Sakha language in the context of urbanization in the North, particularly in the cities of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Based on the analysis of data from the 2010 and 2020 all-Russian population censuses, a comprehensive assessment of the functioning of the Sakha language in the urban environment is conducted. The cities of the republic are divided into five groups depending on the nature of linguistic processes and the vitality of the Sakha language: industrial cities of Southern Yakutia, industrial cities of Western Yakutia, historical cities in the north of Yakutia, cities-administrative centers of districts with a predominance of the Sakha population, and the capital of the republic Yakutsk. The results of the study show a heterogeneous picture of the preservation and development of the Sakha language in the conditions of northern urbanization, directly dependent on ethno-demographic factors, primarily on the proportion of the Sakha population in the overall structure of the urban population. In cities with a high concentration of Sakha, the Sakha language demonstrates a high degree of vitality, continuing to perform basic communicative functions. However, even in these cities, processes of language shift towards the Russian language are observed, especially among the younger generation. The problem of language shift is most acute in large industrial centers, where the Sakha find themselves in the minority, and the Sakha language loses its position, giving way to Russian as the language of interethnic communication. The obtained results emphasize the need for a differentiated approach to language policy and planning in the cities of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), taking into account the specifics of the ethno-linguistic situation in each city.
Keywords: Sakha language, language vitality, urbanization, language situation, language shift, ethno-demographic factors, population censuse, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), North
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